- Last edited on June 1, 2023
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cl:paraneoplastic-disorders [on June 1, 2023] psychdb [Primer] |
cl:paraneoplastic-disorders [on June 1, 2023] (current) psychdb [Autoantibodies] |
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{{INLINETOC}} | {{INLINETOC}} | ||
===== Primer ===== | ===== Primer ===== | ||
- | **Paraneoplastic disorders** can lead to severe psychiatric and behavioural symptoms. Rapid identification is required to ensure correct treatment and management to avoid misdiagnosis of a paraneoplastic neurologic disorder. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are the immune-mediated effects of a remote cancer and are characterized by an autoantibody response against the antigens expressed by the tumour. <alert icon="fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="success">See main article: **[[cl:0-autoimmune-encephalitis:home]]**</alert> | + | **Paraneoplastic disorders** can lead to severe psychiatric and behavioural symptoms. **Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE)** is a rare neurological syndrome associated with cancer, and selectively affects limbic system structures, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29717222/|Shen, K., Xu, Y., Guan, H., Zhong, W., Chen, M., Zhao, J., ... & Wang, M. (2018). Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with lung cancer. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-8.]])] The encephalitis is caused by an altered immunologic response to a malignancy that has antigens that resemble limbic antigens. The inflammatory response, however, occurs away from the original neoplasm site.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6319301/|Kacem, M., Belloumi, N., Bachouche, I., Mersni, M., Chermiti Ben Abdallah, F., & Fenniche, S. (2018). Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis revealing a small cell carcinoma of the lung. Respiratory medicine case reports, 26, 157–160.]])] |
- | **Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE)** is a rare neurological syndrome associated with cancer, and selectively affects limbic system structures, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29717222/|Shen, K., Xu, Y., Guan, H., Zhong, W., Chen, M., Zhao, J., ... & Wang, M. (2018). Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with lung cancer. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-8.]])] It is usually associated with small cell lung cancer. The encephalitis is caused by an altered immunologic response to a malignancy that has antigens that resemble limbic antigens. The inflammatory response, however, occurs away from the original neoplasm site.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6319301/|Kacem, M., Belloumi, N., Bachouche, I., Mersni, M., Chermiti Ben Abdallah, F., & Fenniche, S. (2018). Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis revealing a small cell carcinoma of the lung. Respiratory medicine case reports, 26, 157–160.]])] | + | |
+ | <alert icon="fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="success">See main article: **[[cl:0-autoimmune-encephalitis:home]]**</alert> | ||
===== Autoantibodies ===== | ===== Autoantibodies ===== | ||
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* **[[cl:0-autoimmune-encephalitis:anti-nmda-receptor|NMDAR-antibody encephalitis]]**, associated with ovarian teratomas in younger women | * **[[cl:0-autoimmune-encephalitis:anti-nmda-receptor|NMDAR-antibody encephalitis]]**, associated with ovarian teratomas in younger women | ||
* Ophelia syndrome, associated with surface-directed **mGluR5-antibodies**, seen in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma | * Ophelia syndrome, associated with surface-directed **mGluR5-antibodies**, seen in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma | ||
- | * **Anti-neuronal nuclear antibody-1 (ANNA-1)**, also known as **Hu** paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis, associated with small cell lung cancer in 75% of cases (other tumours include lung, prostate, breast, bladder, GI tract, ovary, neuroendocrine, unknown origin), most commonly in men. | + | * **Anti-neuronal nuclear antibody-1 (ANNA-1)**, also known as **anti-Hu** paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis, associated with small cell lung cancer in 75% of cases (other tumours include lung, prostate, breast, bladder, GI tract, ovary, neuroendocrine, unknown origin), most commonly in men. |
* **AMPA receptor antibodies**, associated with lung, breast, thymus, ovarian tumours. | * **AMPA receptor antibodies**, associated with lung, breast, thymus, ovarian tumours. | ||